A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_URI::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/URI.php
Line Number: 102
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Router::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Router.php
Line Number: 128
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/system/core/Exceptions.php:272)
Filename: core/Security.php
Line Number: 278
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/system/core/Exceptions.php:272)
Filename: controllers/Front.php
Line Number: 8
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/system/core/Exceptions.php:272)
Filename: controllers/Front.php
Line Number: 9
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$benchmark is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 83
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/core/MY_Controller.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$hooks is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 83
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/core/MY_Controller.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 83
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/core/MY_Controller.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$log is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 83
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/core/MY_Controller.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$utf8 is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 83
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/core/MY_Controller.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 83
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/core/MY_Controller.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$exceptions is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 83
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/core/MY_Controller.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$router is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 83
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/core/MY_Controller.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$output is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 83
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/core/MY_Controller.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$security is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 83
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/core/MY_Controller.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$input is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 83
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/core/MY_Controller.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$lang is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 83
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/core/MY_Controller.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$twig is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1284
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/core/MY_Controller.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 303
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: session_set_cookie_params(): Session cookie parameters cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 328
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 355
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 365
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 366
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 367
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 368
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 426
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 109
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: session_set_save_handler(): Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 110
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: session_start(): Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 137
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1284
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$pagination is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1284
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$email is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1284
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$usertracking is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1284
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property MailChimp::$ci is deprecated
Filename: libraries/MailChimp.php
Line Number: 33
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/libraries/MailChimp.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/libraries/WebTemplate.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$mailchimp is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1284
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/libraries/WebTemplate.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$db is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 397
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/models/Menu_model.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/libraries/WebTemplate.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_DB_mysqli_driver::$failover is deprecated
Filename: database/DB_driver.php
Line Number: 372
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/models/Menu_model.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/libraries/WebTemplate.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$menu_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 359
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/libraries/WebTemplate.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$gallery_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 359
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/libraries/WebTemplate.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$project_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 359
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/libraries/WebTemplate.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead
Filename: models/Article_model.php
Line Number: 637
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/libraries/WebTemplate.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$article_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 359
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/libraries/WebTemplate.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$product_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 359
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/libraries/WebTemplate.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$product_category_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 359
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/libraries/WebTemplate.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$menu_detail_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 359
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/libraries/WebTemplate.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$page_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 359
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/libraries/WebTemplate.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$city_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 359
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/libraries/WebTemplate.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$page_module_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 359
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/libraries/WebTemplate.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$page_module_detail_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 359
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/libraries/WebTemplate.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$file_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 359
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/libraries/WebTemplate.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$image_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 359
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/libraries/WebTemplate.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$reference_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 359
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/libraries/WebTemplate.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$langmaster_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 359
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/libraries/WebTemplate.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$article_category_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 359
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/libraries/WebTemplate.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$webtemplate is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1284
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$webtemplatejobfair is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1284
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$webtemplatebctn is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1284
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$module_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 359
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/libraries/WebTemplates/WebTemplatePSN.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$module_detail_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 359
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/libraries/WebTemplates/WebTemplatePSN.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$webtemplatepsn is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1284
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$webtemplatepal is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1284
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$webtemplateblkp is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1284
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$webtemplatespvc is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1284
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$webtemplatesip is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1284
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$webtemplatesobute is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1284
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$webtemplaterpa is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1284
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$webtemplatetbg is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1284
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$webtemplatetsit is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1284
Backtrace:
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/application/controllers/Front.php
File: /home/k0758244/tsit.co.id/public/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$mail_model is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 359
Backtrace:
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Efektivitas DJI Agras T50 dalam Pengendalian Hayati Singkong
Efektivitas DJI Agras T50 dalam Pengendalian Hayati Singkong
Feb 14, 2026
Efektivitas DJI Agras T50 dalam pengendalian hayati singkong mendapat validasi ilmiah berdasarkan penelitian berjudul Drone-assisted augmentation of the parasitoid Anagyrus lopezi for cassava mealybug control in Indonesia Anagyrus lopezi dalam mengendalikan kutu putih singkong (Phenacoccus manihoti ) di Indonesia.
Penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pelepasan agen hayati menggunakan drone menghasilkan tingkat parasitasi yang setara dengan metode manual. Namun dari sisi waktu dan efisiensi operasional, penggunaan drone memberikan keunggulan yang signifikan, khususnya pada skala lahan luas.
Tantangan Pengendalian Kutu Putih Singkong
Kutu putih singkong merupakan hama invasif yang telah menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi di berbagai sentra produksi. Pendekatan pengendalian hayati menggunakan Anagyrus lopezi telah lama menjadi strategi yang terbukti efektif dalam menekan populasi hama ini.
Kendala utama di lapangan bukan pada efektivitas parasitoidnya, melainkan pada proses distribusi. Pelepasan secara manual membutuhkan waktu lama, tenaga kerja yang banyak, serta koordinasi kompleks apabila dilakukan pada hamparan luas. Dalam situasi serangan cepat, keterlambatan distribusi dapat memperburuk kondisi tanaman.
Peran DJI Agras T50 dalam Distribusi Parasitoid
Studi oleh Wasik MA, dkk menyebut bahwa DJI Agras T50
Penggunaan DJI Agras T50 dalam studi ini ditujukan untuk alasan sebagai berikut:
Presisi Distribusi Berbasis Navigasi GPS Sistem spreading pada DJI Agras T50 memungkinkan kapsul didistribusikan secara merata sesuai jalur terbang yang telah diprogram. Dukungan navigasi berbasis GPS membantu memastikan setiap petak lahan memperoleh perlakuan yang konsisten.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat parasitasi sekitar 47% pada metode pelepasan menggunakan drone DJI Agras T50. Angka ini hampir identik dengan metode manual dan jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan lahan tanpa augmentasi parasitoid.
Temuan tersebut menegaskan bahwa penggunaan drone DJI Agras T50 tidak menurunkan efektivitas biologis agen hayati.
Efisiensi Waktu yang Signifikan Perbedaan paling mencolok terlihat dari sisi waktu operasional. Pelepasan menggunakan drone DJI Agras T50 hanya membutuhkan sekitar 25 menit per hektare. Sementara itu, penyebaran menggunakan metode manual dapat memakan waktu lebih dari tiga jam untuk luasan yang sama.
Dalam konteks kawasan produksi, efisiensi ini memungkinkan respons yang lebih cepat terhadap peningkatan populasi hama. Selain itu, pada skala lahan tertentu, penggunaan drone DJI Agras T50 menunjukkan potensi efisiensi biaya dibandingkan distribusi manual.
Implikasi bagi Industri Drone Pertanian Indonesia
Efektivitas DJI Agras T50 dalam pengendalian hayati singkong memperluas perspektif mengenai fungsi drone pertanian. Selama ini, drone lebih dikenal untuk aplikasi cair seperti penyemprotan pestisida dan pupuk. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa drone juga dapat berperan sebagai platform distribusi agen hayati dalam sistem Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT).
Pendekatan ini tidak menggantikan prinsip pengendalian hayati yang sudah mapan, melainkan memperkuat implementasinya melalui teknologi presisi. Integrasi antara agen hayati dan sistem distribusi berbasis udara membuka peluang baru dalam praktik pertanian presisi yang lebih efisien dan terukur.
Pada akhirnya, efektivitas DJI Agras T50 dalam pengendalian hayati singkong menunjukkan bahwa transformasi pertanian dapat dilakukan dengan memperkuat metode yang sudah terbukti melalui dukungan teknologi modern. Dengan validasi ilmiah yang jelas, model ini berpotensi menjadi referensi pengembangan sistem pengendalian hama berbasis kawasan di Indonesia.
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